Problem solving is a key tool in business improvement. There are many different ‘problem solving’ frameworks which are all pretty much based on total quality management and the ‘Plan Do Check Act’ model. Six Sigma has given us DMAIC – Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve and Control. Here is a simple guide for undertaking problem solving.
Define the problem
This step identifies the customer and the boundaries of problem: Gather together representatives of those who are involved in the process or problem to be fixed. Think of asking the why, when, what, where and how questions at this stage. It is necessary to be clear about what the problem is you want to work on since there may be more than one opportunity for improvement.
• Create a problem statement capturing what the problem is along with its impact on the customer and the business.
• Map out the process involved to understand the scope of the problem and who it impacts
Measure the problem
The next step is to determine the extent of the current situation by collecting data and measuring performance. Gather information on the potential causes of what is going wrong.
• Collect available data on the current process, for example, how often things go wrong, when things go wrong, when things don’t go wrong.
• This will help establish the current performance level of the process and the size of the issue
Analyse the problem
This step is about getting to grips with what the data is telling us; it helps determine the factors causing or influencing the problem. If you imagine, processes should be repeatable – doing the same things to get the same outcome each time with no errors.
The Pareto principle states that 80% of problems are caused by 20% of the issues. It is also known as the 80/20 rule. When you are analysing the problem, look for the few things that make the biggest impact – and aim to fix those first.
Improve by implementing solution(s)
The next step is to eliminate the errors by developing solutions which directly address the key issue. The solution(s) will, of course, have to make sense in terms of the benefits gained against the time, cost and effort of implementing them, so create a list of possible solutions – and work through these to find the one that is best fit to fix the problem. Once the proposed solution has been agreed by all the parties involved, develop an action plan and keep track of your improvement efforts.
Control, monitor and review results
This step is about monitoring to see if the solution has worked and if the problem has been eliminated or reduced sufficiently. It’s also important to check that there haven’t been any unforeseen consequences to ensure the best possible future performance and to prevent any tendency to revert to the previous way of doing things. So let’s consider Step 1 again… Define the problem.




